When babies turn yellow

Bacterial Pathogenesis: When a turn off is a turn on

Pathogenic bacteria express distinct sets of genes at different stages in their life cycles; inappropriate expression of normally repressed genes during host colonization can interfere with bacterial survival.

Turn to TCRs when CARs fail

The past few years have brought exciting progress in the development of novel forms of immunotherapy of cancer. While antibody blockade of negative pathways that inhibit T cell function, such as CTLA-4 and PD1, has resulted in clinical benefits for patients who have failed conventional therapy options, this strategy lacks cancer specificity as it also activates T cells with selfreactive potenti...

First Opinion: Babies, Babies, and More Babies

Surface-to-Surface Morphology: when your Representations turn into Constraints

Traditional morphology, that cranks out ‘underlying representations’ destined for phonology, has a serial character that makes it an odd bedfellow to parallel OT. The problem becomes all the more acute once one recognizes the need for ‘surface-to-surface’ faithfulness constraints (Benua 1997, Burzio 1994a, Kenstowicz 1996, Steriade 1996), given the ability of the latter to do -in parallelsome o...

When Windmills Turn Into Giants: The Conundrum of Virtual Places

While many papers may claim that virtual environments have much to gain from architectural and urban planning theory, few seem to specify in any verifiable or falsifiable way, how notions of place and interaction are best combined and developed for specific needs. The following is an attempt to summarize a theory of place for virtual environments and explain both the shortcomings and the advant...